Social Factors Affecting The Mortality Burden Of...

Toronto in 1902 was a city on the cusp of transformation. It was a city marked, like many large Western cities by the high probability of death at a young age. At this time period life in large cities was characterized by many deaths due to infectious disease. According to the death records collected from the year 1902 to 1904 by the city of Toronto, 8.1% of the total population died from gastroenteritis or typhoid. For the purposes of comparison, it is important to note that the mortality burden of all infectious diseases at this time period was extremely high, with these cases making up to 41.3% of the total population mortality. There were numerous social conditions that affected this reality, and in this particular case study, had the power to either increase or decrease the mortality burdens of infectious disease. These social factors will be further studied in the paper, and they include, but are not limited to: housing, socioeconomic status, diet, age, water quality, waste m anagement, hygiene, rapid industrialization, increased population growth, immigration, scientific advancements, increased classification and record keeping, and the role of government. The common thread between all of these realms and typhoid, is the focus of this paper: public health. It is because of the particularly high rate of infection and death due to typhoid and gastroenteritis that I have chosen to study this particular disease over other options present in the data sample. 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Coping with Grief Essay Example For Students

Coping with Grief Essay Grief is an emotion that unfortunately, we all come to experience some time or another. However, that terrible feeling can open the door to acceptance and appreciation. Mourning and reflecting upon a tragic event can cause one to look at an issue through a different perspective, and maybe even help them accept it. On the September 29, 2014, one of my close friends committed suicide. This horrible event taught me that when a society is faced with a tragedy they all unite as one, and it teaches the bearers of the burden to be appreciative. Initially, a community comes together when a tragedy has occurred because it is human instinct to stick together through rough debacles. When I first saw Daniel, I could not believe that he was the person laying down in the room which I was directed too. Every single part of his body that was visible looked like it had been filled up with air as if they were balloons. The only thing keeping him alive was the machine that he was connected too, it didnt even look real when the machine took breaths for him. It seemed as if he was just a blown up vegetable rocking up and down. His toes and fingers possessed an awful, greenish, and deathlike tone that makes me sick to my stomach by just thinking about it. The few people who were allowed to see him, instantly had a much deeper understanding between each other. Putting that scene into words is almost tear breaking due to the horrendous emotions that it brings me; that being said, I began to realize that I was going to come out of this hell possessing a stronger bond with every person which whom I shared that experience with. I feel like no one except the people that were there, can understand or try to comprehend the way that environment made me feel. This event also caused people that couldnt even be in the same room with each other, to come together because of the issue at stake. Clearly, tragedies allow a community to unite. Furthermore, a positive outcome of a society being struck by a horrific event, is that the people who had to endure it become more appreciative as a whole. Before this took place, I always fought with my parents and did not really take into consideration all of the things that they have done for me, and not only my parents but everyone else that cares about me. Daniels death and the entire experience made me be more appreciative of the simpler things in my life, and to value more the effort that those who love me put forth into making me happy. I have a friend named Cristobal who always crashed heads with his dad and even physically attacked him and got placed under arrest due to that. Cristobal was never the same after the calamity that was Daniels death. This event taught him that no matter what, at the end of the day his father will always be his father. He learned to accept this and his relationship with his father is now better than it ever was before. I have witnessed countless of my friends and loved ones which whom I shared that experience with, be more loving and caring towards others. These people have also learned the blessing that is to be tolerant and understanding. Behind someones smile, there may be the biggest frown and that is why they learned to not be so judgmental towards others. Daniel was one of the happiest and most good looking kids I have ever met, but that just goes to show that every single one of us goes through different controversies that affects each and every one of us in a personal matter. The fact that Daniel seemed like a kid who possessed attributes anyone our age would love to have such as exceptional looks, wealth, and confidence demonstrates that you should never really judge someone based on surface information, because people are even deeper then oceans. .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .postImageUrl , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:hover , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:visited , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:active { border:0!important; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:active , .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u211bd3a8a550dad932262a99eaa1825a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The revival of Jazz in South Africa EssayAs you can see, a horrible and tragic event can teach people to be more grateful. When a society is bestowed upon with a tragedy, it causes all of the societies members to become more appreciative and to come together. Seeing enemies and rivals hugging each other for support, witnessing people take into consideration the little things in life, and watching parents apologize for the unintended pressure that they enforce upon their children has taught me that when a group of people is affected by the same issue they come together to cope with the problem at hand.

Mods and Rockers Essay Example

Mods and Rockers Paper What Is A Moral Panic? What Does This Tell Us About Crime And Criminality? Support Your Discussion With At Least Four Identified Examples Of Moral Panics Experienced In The Past. This essay will commence by examining the origins of the term moral panic and will discuss definitions of the phrase. Following from this, examples of moral panics will be considered, to aid clarification of this subject. Having identified incidences of the phenomenon, four will be discussed in further detail. These will be the panics that surrounded Mods and Rockers, drug use, video nasties and paedophilia. The concepts within these occurrences will provide features such as how they occur, who labels them as such and the way in which a moral panic gains in momentum within society. During this essay, a discourse will question links between moral panic and affects on crime and criminality. It may be stated that it is almost impossible to read literature on the subject matter, without promptly coming across references to the author Stanley Cohen and his book written in 1972, named Folk Devils And Moral Panics. Cohen, a sociologist, coined the phrase moral panic within this tome, to describe the phenomenon that he witnessed of over dramatization by the media and politicians of deviant behaviour, causing a public reaction which was out of all proportion to the conduct of the deviants. It may be suggested that the concept has become a useful addition to the vocabulary of sociology and used by sociologists and criminologists to describe incidences of similar behaviour. Cohen discusses: Societies appear to be subject every now and then, to periods of moral panic. We will write a custom essay sample on Mods and Rockers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mods and Rockers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mods and Rockers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests; its nature is presented in a stylised and stereotypical fashion by the mass media sometimes the object of the panic is quite novel and other times it is something which has been in existence long enough, but suddenly appears in the limelight. (Cohen, 1972. p. 9). The Penguin Dictionary Of Sociology defines the term Moral Panic in another explanatory manner, which it could be argued, provides a better understanding of the term, for those without background knowledge of the experience: Episodes of widespread anxiety and fear triggered by apparently trivial events. Moral panics have a long and varied history from accusations of witchcraft in the sixteenth century to fears about drug users or muggers in contemporary society. They usually involve the identification of a folk devil who is held to be responsible for whatever moral or social damage has occurred In contemporary societies, the mass media may play a very large role in moral panics, spreading rumour and contributing to a spiral of anxiety and fear. (Abercrombie, Hill and Turner. 2000. p. 231. ). Although this definition seemingly provides a further understanding of the term, it could be understood that the source is firmly entrenched within Cohens findings. Since Cohens study, it may be agreed that a great many folk devils and moral panics have been identified. It could be argued that major concern has been mounted regarding issues such as drugs, football hooliganism, asylum seekers, AIDS and homosexuality, paedophiles, pornography, teenage pregnancy, video nasties and youths, to name but a few. Cohens influential study commenced primarily with two youth groups of the 1960s, the Mods and Rockers. The Mods were neat, chic and cool. The Rocker was mean, moody and masculine (Teenage Kicks. n. d. ). Burns mentions in her study that on Easter bank holiday, 1964 in Clacton, Essex, the groups clashed. The conflict caused a number of beach huts to be damaged, windows broken and scuffles to break out resulting in ninety-seven arrests. During the following week, national newspapers grabbed attention of readers with headlines such as Day Of Terror By Scooter Groups and Wild Ones Invade Seaside 97 Arrests. Phrases such as orgy, riot siege and screaming mob were included. Thus, sensationalised by the press with exaggeration of facts and numbers, came a supposition by society that the event was a more violent incident than the facts supported (Burns, 2000). Burns states that Cohen criticised the media for the amplification of the situation, which caused Mods and Rockers to be seen as a threat to law and order. He named this theory control culture, an incident whereby the media purposely sensationalise an event and then call for punishment of the perpetrators, creating folk devils amongst society (Burns, 2000. ). Richard Ives (n. d. ) argues that on following bank holidays, public panic came to be out of all proportion to the size of the problem. Young people were turned away from the beaches; youths were reported to the police and punitive measures such as fines were put into place, which were disproportionate to offences committed. These reactions caused more arrests, more tension between the groups and further incidences throughout the country (Ives, n. d. ). It may be stated that this moral panic therefore had a direct impact upon crime and criminality, causing a self fulfilling prophecy. Ives mentions that eventually, the moral panic over Mods and Rockers died away. What stopped it? From the point of view of the public and mass media, it was largely a waning of interest. Mods and Rockers as folk devils were replaced by other new and newsworthy phenomenon. (Ives, n. d. ). Before looking more closely at three further incidences of moral panics, it could be considered important to look at the way in which moral panics can be broken down into five elements, which define it: concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality and volatility (Goode and Ben-Yehuda 1994, p. 33-40).

A Changing World essays

A Changing World essays The sixteenth century was a time of exploration and expansion. Sparked by the Renaissance, the people of Europe began to question and investigate. The peoples curiosity and desire for finer goods from Asia led them to take to the high seas in search of an easier path to the Orient. One of these courageous sailors was Christopher Columbus under the country of Spain. In his efforts to find Asia, Columbus accidentally stumbled across a new world. This new world contained other cultures and people very different from the Europeans. As a result of Columbuss discovery of the New World the very unique and ancient culture of the Native Americans was extinguished. It was a bad thing that the Europeans prevailed over these ancient tribes of the Americas. The Native American cultures made a large impact on Europe. The food products from the New World were very important to the people in Europe. Native New World plants such as tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and especially the lowly potato eventually revolutionized the international economy as well as the European diet, (Kennedy 14). These products were given to the early Europeans as gifts from the Indians. With these new goods Europe was able to feed its entire populace during the rapid population growth of the Old World (Kennedy 14). This food also strengthened the European economy allowing many traders to make high profits. Another important gift from the Americas was gold. This flood of precious metal touched off a price revolution that increased consumer costs by 500 percent... (Kennedy 17). This huge income of bullion helped traders to use a standard for currency and stimulated the economy. The encounter with the native cultures of the Americas brought prosperity, we alth, and land to the Europeans. Yet the Old World culture was the only one to profit. The invasion of the Europeans into the New World devastated the native cultures of...

Case study Fetal abnormality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study Fetal abnormality - Essay Example One theory according to Marco is that the doctor should consider the emotional stability of Jessica and he should tell her once he is sure that she can receive the diagnosis. Dr. Wilson’s theory is that it is an obligation for the doctor to inform his patient their true diagnosis immediately to facilitate proper decision making. Therefore, it was appropriate for him to inform Jessica on the condition of the fetus and give his advice of which he recommended an abortion. He argues that his obligation is to Jessica and not to Marco and that it is important that Jessica knows her condition so that he can advice her accordingly. Maria on the other hand thinks that a mother should not terminate a pregnancy despite the condition of the fetus. She pleads with Jessica not to terminate the pregnancy and let God decide. Jessica does not have a particular stand, she cannot decide between terminating the pregnancy, and her religious believe that life is sacred. All these theories are at some point confusing Jessica in her decision regarding what to do. Marco is Jessica’s husband and although after the pleading with the doctor he did not change his mind, the doctor thought he was worth listening. This is despite the fact that his reasoning did nothing to persuade the doctor to act differently and wait before telling Jessica the truth about her diagnosis. The doctor’s theory has a lot of weight in the decision-making since he is the expert and knows the implication of continuing with the fetus with abnormalities. Marias thinking also can influence on what Jessica decides considering Jessica is also a religious person and that is why she thought of calling her priest. Personally, I am more at ease with the doctor’s theory that it is better that Jessica Knows the condition from the doctor because it is ethically right she knows. The doctors knows the challenges that children born with conditions like what Jessica

The Art of English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The Art of English - Assignment Example The current of the moths flying strongly this way. A lamp and a flower pot in the centre. The flower can always be changing. But there must be more unity between each scene than I can find at present. Autobiography it might be called. How am I going to make one lap or act, between the coming of the moths, more intense than another; if there are only scenes? One must get the sense that this is the beginning; this is the middle; that the climax – when she opens the window and the moth comes in. I shall have two different currents – the moths flying along; the flowers upright in the centre; a perpetual crumbling and renewing of the plant, In its leaves she might see things happen. But who is she? ... Virginia Woolf After reading passages such as this where the only human is simply described as ‘She’ and does nothing more than open a window, one can agree with Kronenburg ( as quoted by Liukkonen 2008) who claimed that Woolf was not concerned about her human cha racters but rather, ‘the poetic symbols, of life--the changing seasons, day and night, bread and wine, fire and cold, time and space, birth and death and change.’ This is a description of a purely internal process – no one watching would be able to guess what was going on unless they read over her shoulder. And even then they might ask ‘What’s she going on about?’ This lack of physical action has an effect upon the minds of readers – they are more used to stories with a beginning, a middle and an end – stories about people’s actions, achievements or disappointments, but Woolf seems much more concerned with the mind’s inner workings – thoughts, sensations, emotions, and often people find this harder to deal with. This would be especially so if they aren’t themselves as introspective, aren’t so concerned with why one acts in a certain way as in the action itself. She intends to write a novel yet s ays ‘ I am not writing a story’ – how can a novel not be a story? Virginia Woolf has had two books of her diaries published. This selection comes from ‘A Writer’s Diary’ and was edited by her husband Leonard. She was born Adeline Virginia Stephen in 1882, so was 47 at the time of this entry. The other work considered is by a soldier and prisoner of war. Both writers are Londoners, but John Mansel on the other hand was 32 when he wrote so they are almost, but not quite, of the same generation and background. John Mansel (1909- 1974) trained as an architect , but joined the Territorial Army in 1935. His diaries cover the period of his interment in Germany as a prisoner-of-war during the 2nd World War. There were huge differences between their lives – not least that Woolf was permanently scarred by childhood sexual interference. Both came from financially secure backgrounds.- Mansel senior was a stockbroker. He had attended both school and university and had professional qualifications - Virginia Woolf had never been to any kind of school. Mansel’s diary only covered the war years, whereas Woolf was a full time professional writer whose works, although not the easiest to read, were read widely. Mansel’s writing was presumably meant of only private consumption, at least in the first instance, although he is careful not to mention names, probably in case of causing offence. It was not published until a few years after his death. They each use the diary form in different ways. Woolf seems to be using it as preliminary

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay Example for Free

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay People sometimes engage in activities and are unaware that such activity involves physics. Physics is all around. For instance, you may go to Six Flags and do not analyze how physics helps the machines you ride in operate. Have you ever asked yourself how a roller coaster works? Would roller coasters safely run without the knowledge that physics offers us? The answer is no. Roller coasters are driven by physics; it mobilizes and gives its riders amusement through forces such as inertia, gravitation, and centripetal forces and utilizes different types of energies such as potential and kinetic energy. Physics is what makes roller coasters safe and effective. It is not only the high speed of the trains ofa roller coaster that makes the ride so thrilling but the acceleration of the train and the occasional feeling of weightlessness. At various times, roller coasters, or more specifically the trains of these, undergo acceleration, which is defined as the rate of change in velocity. The change may be in speed (magnitude) or direction, or in both. Roller coasters accelerate when they speed up and make the ride faster, slow down, or change direction. It decelerates as, for example, it ascends as if going up a hill. In this case, acceleration is dependent on its mass and the other forces acting on it. It is the acceleration of roller coasters what makes the ride more thrilling and exciting. When riding in a roller coaster a person may at some point feel weightlessness because they do not feel the chair they are sitting in as the roller coaster and yourself move vertically at 9. 8 m/sA2. Therefore, you encounter with Galileo and Newtons principle of free fall, an object moving under the influence of gravity only. Newtons laws of motion state that the sum of the forces acting on free-falling objects, gravitation and its inertia, equals to zero. Because these forces add up to zero as gravity cancels out with the objects inertia, then the rider while riding in an arched path, in form of for example a parabola, feels weightless. This free-fall also occurs when the roller coaster is up high in the air and abruptly drops and accelerates to the ground. It is due to gravity, the Earths pull, only and therefore, as Newton proposed, even though some people weight more than other, they accelerate at the same rate. One of the most important and fascinating parts of a roller coaster ride are its curves. When going through a loop, the track of the roller coaster exerts a centripetal force. Centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. If you ever wonder how you go through a loop in a roller coaster without falling off, one of the reasons for this is centripetal force which holds the riders in their seat. It is a force that pulls you in the direction of the center of a circle when traveling in a circular course. Furthermore, roller coasters also have a relationship with inertia which also helps passengers stay in their seats and not fall off the train. Inertia is the property of things to resist any changes in motion. For example, if an object is still then it will not move unless a force acts on it, the esistance of moving is considered inertia. This force presses each individual to the outside of the loop as the train twists upside down. Gravity is still pulling you toward Earth but acceleration force is more powerful than gravity at the top which also pulls you but in the opposite direction, upwards. Similarly, a moving roller coaster, as it is or force alters its speed or direction. The more mass the roller coaster has, the more inertia it has. Riders who frequently go to amusement parks and ride on roller coasters are usually astonished by the fact that these do not have engines. Immediately, riders nquire, how does it stay on tracks, what makes it remain in motion, why we do not fall when turned upside down? Initially, the train of a roller coaster is only pulled up the first hill by a motor but after such action, it must finish the ride by itself. It is not a motor that is responsible for driving the roller coaster but rather the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. The train gets the kinetic energy necessary for the entire ride from the first steep hill it goes down. Energy can never be created or destroyed, however, it is conserved through forces like gravity, which is known as conservation of energy. Kinetic and potential energy are the two most important types of energy that a roller coaster needs to function. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, the faster an object or something moves, the more kinetic energy it possesses. On the other hand, potential energy is defined as energy of position or stored energy. The roller coaster utilizes potential energy, which is dependent of the mass of the train and the height, when the motor lifts it up the hill and then, this transfers to kinetic energy when the roller coaster suddenly drops, gaining speed. Therefore, the sum of kinetic and potential energy forms the mechanical energy of he roller coaster, energy which is occasionally lost throughout the ride due to friction. Potential energy is transferred into kinetic energy at the beginning of the ride as the roller coaster undergoes its first descent. When the train of the roller coaster is at the peak of the hill, it possesses a lot of potential energy and much less kinetic energy because it is at a high altitude and moves slowly. Conversely, when it is at the bottom, it has a lot of kinetic energy and less potential energy because it moves faster and is closer to the ground. Roller coasters get some of the potential nergy lost to kinetic energy when it starts elevating itself again to the top of the hill. This is a continuous process that the train repeats until it comes to rest. Isaac Newtons three laws of motion also relate to roller coasters. Newtons first law or the law of inertia states that if an object is at rest it will remain at rest, and if an object is in motion it will continue with constant speed in a straight line unless an external force is exerted upon it. In a roller coaster, the outside forces exerted on the train of the roller coaster are the brakes or frictional force, which makes it slow down r decelerate. Newtons second law states the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the net force applied. This is why when the train is going down a hill the speed is so high because of the amount of heavy mass the train carries such as the weight of each person. Therefore, it is said that F (force) = m (mass) * g (gravitational force). So the force that you encounter when going down the steep hill is equal to the mass of the train plus the mass of all the riders multiplied by the gravitational force, which is equal to 9. 8 m/s squared. Lastly, Newtons third aw states that when one body applies a force to another body, the second body applies an equal and opposite force to the first body. This theory in practice is when, for example, you go through a curve and you feel and think that the seat you are in is pushing you, but similarly, you also do the same to the seat because you apply an Furthermore, roller coasters also encounter frictional forces. Friction is defined as a force that acts to resist the relative motion or attempted motion of objects or materials that are in contact. Friction is why the train of a roller coaster reduces peed as goes through the tracks; it makes it harder for the train to roll. This is why as you can observe in an amusement park, the biggest and highest hills of a roller coaster are put at the beginning of the ride and leave the smallest for last in order to keep the train moving. The frictional force of a roller coaster acts in direct opposition to the motion of it. There is friction in the wheels of the roller coaster, as it rubs with the tract it runs through, and in wind drag or air resistance and these are the reasons why mechanical energy, the sum of potential and kinetic energy, is dissolved s the ride continues, and even more at the end of the ride and affects its velocity. If there were no friction then the roller coaster would keep going without stop. Roller coasters are one of the most popular and thrilling rides in an amusement park. During a roller coaster ride, many physics concepts are present that makes the ride so fascinating. Roller coasters undergo acceleration, they transform potential energy to kinetic energy, Newtons laws of motion are put in practice, friction resists its motion and it utilizes gravity and inertia. In short, physics works roller coaster.